Prepositions
Prepositions — крошечные слова огромной важности. I’m at the store vs I’m in the store слегка меняет смысл. А prepositions, идущие с глаголами, в большинстве своём произвольны — придётся memorize.
Время: in / on / at
Три предлога, три масштаба:
| Preposition | Масштаб | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| in | длинные периоды | in 2026, in March, in the morning, in summer, in the 21st century |
| on | дни и даты | on Monday, on May 1st, on my birthday, on Christmas Day |
| at | точное время | at 3 PM, at noon, at midnight, at sunrise |
Особые случаи:
- at night (не in the night) — странное исключение.
- at the weekend (BrE) / on the weekend (AmE).
- in the morning / afternoon / evening.
- at + период праздника (BrE) / on + конкретный день (US): at Christmas (UK) / on Christmas (US).
Место: in / on / at
| Preposition | Смысл | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| in | внутри замкнутого пространства | in the room, in the box, in New York, in Russia |
| on | на поверхности | on the table, on the wall, on the floor, on the roof |
| at | в точке | at the corner, at the door, at the bus stop, at the airport |
Tricky cases:
- in bed (спит; идиоматично) vs on the bed (сидит сверху).
- in the car vs on the bus / train / plane (маленькое замкнутое = in; общественный транспорт дальнего следования = on, идиоматично).
- at home (идиоматично — без in / on).
- at school / work / college (вы там как студент / сотрудник).
Города и страны берут in: in Boston, in Japan, in Europe.
С улицами и адресами по-разному:
- on Main Street (US) / in Main Street (UK)
- at 123 Main Street (конкретный адрес)
Место: другие prepositions
- in front of / behind — относительное положение.
- next to / beside — рядом.
- between (две вещи) / among (три и более).
- opposite — напротив.
- near / close to / far from — расстояние.
- above / below — вертикально, без касания.
- over / under — вертикально, часто с касанием.
Движение
| Preposition | Use | Example |
|---|---|---|
| to | направление к | go to school, walk to the store |
| into | вход внутрь | walk into the room, jump into the pool |
| out of | выход | get out of the car, run out of money |
| through | насквозь | walk through the park, drive through the tunnel |
| across | поперёк (горизонтально) | swim across the river, walk across the street |
| along | вдоль | walk along the river, drive along the highway |
| toward / towards | направление (без прибытия) | walk toward the door |
| away from | от | step away from the edge |
| up / down | вертикально | climb up the stairs, fall down |
| around | вокруг | walk around the lake |
⚠️ go home / get home — без предлога перед home в этой идиоме.
- ❌ I’m going to home. → ✅ I’m going home.
Глагол + preposition (запоминать как unit)
Это произвольно — надо учить. Топовые для A2:
| Verb + prep | Meaning |
|---|---|
| listen to | listen to music |
| look at | look at the picture |
| wait for | wait for the bus |
| think about | think about the problem |
| depend on | depend on the weather |
| agree with | agree with you |
| belong to | belong to me |
| work for | work for Google |
| live in / at | live in NYC / at 123 Main St |
| arrive at / in | arrive at the airport / in NYC |
| come from | come from Russia |
| talk to / with | talk to / with someone |
| succeed in | succeed in your career |
| apologize for | apologize for the delay |
| complain about | complain about the food |
| dream of / about | dream of becoming a doctor |
| borrow from / lend to | borrow money from him / lend it to her |
Прилагательное + preposition
| Adjective + prep | Example |
|---|---|
| good at | good at math |
| bad at | bad at sports |
| interested in | interested in history |
| afraid of | afraid of spiders |
| proud of | proud of my work |
| married to | married to him |
| different from / than (AmE — оба; BrE также to) | different from yours / different than mine |
| similar to | similar to mine |
| angry with / at | angry with you |
| excited about | excited about the trip |
| worried about | worried about money |
| famous for | famous for its beaches |
| full of | full of people |
| kind to | kind to animals |
Ловушки русскоговорящих (L1)
Самые проблемные пары (полный разбор в M11 урок 02):
| Russian-style ❌ | English ✅ |
|---|---|
| depend from | depend on |
| married with | married to |
| different from / of | different from (US: also than) |
| listen music | listen to music |
| answer to question | answer the question (без to) |
| explain me | explain to me |
| consist from | consist of |
| in Monday | on Monday |
| in 5 PM | at 5 PM |
| in the night | at night |
| good in math | good at math |
Заметки о произношении
- to /tə/ без ударения; /tuː/ под ударением.
- for /fər/ или /fɔːr/ под ударением.
- of /əv/ в обычной речи.
- at /ət/ без ударения; /æt/ под ударением.
Резюме
- Время: in (long), on (days), at (precise).
- Место: in (внутри), on (поверхность), at (точка).
- Движение: to / into / out of / through / across / along / toward.
- Глагол + preposition: запоминать как units. listen to, depend on, married to, different from.
- Go home / come home — без предлога.
Следующий урок: Pronouns and possessives.
B1 — Кальки с предлогами и ловушки косвенной речи B2 — Продвинутые ошибки с предлогами и паттерны глаголов сообщения